"Since China is willing to spend about $200 billion annually to prevent its currency from rising against the dollar, there is little prospect that the bilateral U.S.-China trade deficit will decline. "Without substantial real appreciation [in the renminbi] versus the dollar," say Goldman Sachs economists, "Chinese goods will continue to . . . fuel large U.S. trade deficits." Experts are guessing that Wal-Mart alone will increase imports by $75 billion over the next five years, many of those goods coming from China."